Boone County City-adopted code, city inspection

Barndominium Builders in Columbia, MO

Columbia is a home-rule charter city with its own building department, its own adopted code and its own filled-in design table, and that matters more here than it does in most of mid-Missouri, because the line between the city and the county is a line between two different sets of rules. Inside the limits the City of Columbia permits and inspects under the 2018 International Residential Code as amended in Chapter 6, Article VI of the City Code. Outside them, Boone County Resource Management runs a separate programme on a different code edition entirely. For a shop-and-house building the single most important sentence in Columbia's rules is not about steel. It is Unified Development Code section 29-3.3(ii)(1)(i), which says the aggregate first floor square footage of all accessory structures on a lot shall not exceed the first floor square footage of any principal structure on the lot. The residential code adds a hard number on top of it: the amended definition of "accessory structure" at section 6-66 caps a detached accessory building at 3,000 square feet of floor area and 24 feet of height, and at the height of the main structure, whichever is less. So the classic ask — a shop bigger than the house — is regulated directly and by ratio, not merely by setback. Whether the shop is attached to the dwelling or detached from it changes the answer, and it is worth settling that at sketch stage rather than at plan review. The material question comes out the other way, and the answer is a good one. Columbia's exterior-material rule — the one that excludes smooth, ribbed or corrugated metal panels and requires a 3:12 roof and a ten-inch eave — sits in section 29-3.3(a)(2) and reaches manufactured homes and modular homes only. Its own list of permitted sidings names metal lap siding as acceptable even there. The city's design standards at section 29-4.6 then expressly exclude one-family detached, one-family attached and two-family structures from the whole chapter of appearance rules. A site-built steel or post-frame dwelling faces no material restriction, no roof-pitch minimum and no eave minimum outside the two urban conservation overlays near the university, and the code carries no minimum dwelling floor area at all. What does bind is the ground and the water. Columbia's own Table R301.2(1) puts the frost line at 30 inches, and unlike some mid-Missouri tables it leaves the International Residential Code's frost-protected shallow foundation route in place rather than deleting it. The city adopts Appendix F, radon control, and then amends it to apply to all new construction "without regard to zone designation" — a slab detail that is cheap before the pour and expensive afterwards. And on the acreage the city's R-1 minimum lot size triples, from 7,000 square feet to 15,000, the moment there is no public or community sewer available, which is the sentence most rural-edge buyers meet first.

Columbia at a glance

County: Boone County
Population: 130,900
ZIP codes: 65201, 65202, 65203, 65215, 65216
Site visits: Same-week site visits across Columbia and the Boone County ring around it — Ashland and Hartsburg south toward the river hills, Hallsville and Sturgeon north, Midway and Rocheport west along I-70, Centralia northeast

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Building conditions in Columbia

Missouri sets no residential building code and no statewide way of adopting one, so the first question on any parcel is not what the code says — it is whether there is one. Only counties of the first and second classification may adopt a building code at all, and classification is set by assessed valuation rather than population, so a small county can hold the power while a much larger one does not. Zoning is a separate power with its own answer, granted only after a vote of the people and repealable by another. What changes from one jurisdiction to the next is whether the work is inspected, who issues the permit, what that office charges, how the parcel is zoned, and the design figures your drawings have to satisfy.

Build conditions for Columbia, drawn from the sourced facts on this page. Every figure above is cited in the quick-facts panel below, with its source and vintage.

The shop cannot out-size the house, and it is capped at 3,000 square feet

Columbia regulates the shop-to-house ratio directly. Unified Development Code section 29-3.3(ii)(1)(i) provides that the aggregate first floor square footage of all accessory structures on a lot shall not exceed the first floor square footage of any principal structure on the lot, and that the aggregate area devoted to accessory uses shall not exceed the area devoted to the primary use. On top of that, the city's own residential code rewrites the definition of "accessory structure" to mean a structure not greater than 3,000 square feet in floor area, not over three stories or 24 feet in height, not occupying more than 30 percent of the required rear yard, and not exceeding the height of the main structure. For a one-family lot the code adds that one garage space is permitted per 2,000 square feet of lot area and that total garage space shall not exceed the total habitable first-floor area of the primary dwelling. Detached accessory structures must sit behind the principal structure, at least three feet from a side lot line, and no closer than ten feet to another structure.

City of Columbia Unified Development Code, Chapter 29 section 29-3.3(ii)(1)(i) and (2)(i)–(iv) (Ordinance No. 23117 adopted 20 March 2017, section 29-3.3 last carrying Ord. No. 25658, § 1, 5-20-24), read on library.municode.com 8 September 2026 with the document title verified as "Chapter 29 - UNIFIED DEVELOPMENT CODE | Code of Ordinances | Columbia, MO" in the same evaluation and re-read independently after a separate navigation; City of Columbia Code of Ordinances section 6-66, amendment to IRC section R202 "Accessory Structure", which cross-references UDC section 29-3.3(ii)

Metal siding on a site-built house: checked, and there is no restriction

Columbia does have a corrugated-panel rule, and it does not reach a site-built dwelling. Unified Development Code section 29-3.3(a)(2) applies to a manufactured home or modular home placed on a lot in the R-1, R-2, R-MF or A districts, and only to those: it requires a double-pitched roof at 3:12 or steeper covered in wood, asphalt, composition or fiberglass, a minimum ten-inch eave projection on at least two sides, and siding of non-reflective material customarily used on site-built dwellings — a list that names conventional vinyl or metal lap siding as acceptable, while excluding smooth, ribbed or corrugated metal or plastic panels. The city's design standards at section 29-4.6 then exclude one-family detached, one-family attached and two-family structures from the appearance rules outright, and say in their own purpose clause that the standards exist to be administered without individualised design review. There is no minimum dwelling floor area anywhere in the Unified Development Code.

City of Columbia Unified Development Code sections 29-3.3(a)(2) and 29-4.6(b)(1)(ii), read on library.municode.com 8 September 2026, title verified in the same evaluation and both passages re-read after an independent re-navigation; searches of the full chapter text for "minimum floor area", "minimum living area", "habitable floor area" and "minimum dwelling" returned no occurrences

The city's own design table: 115 mph, 20 psf, 30-inch frost line

Columbia prints its Table R301.2(1) values in the ordinance itself: ground snow load 20, wind speed 115 mph, topographic effects no, special wind region no, windborne debris zone no, seismic design category B, weathering severe, frost line depth 30 inches, termite moderate to heavy, winter design temperature +4 degrees Fahrenheit, ice barrier underlayment not required, air freezing index 0 to 1,500, mean annual temperature 55 degrees. That is the sheet a Columbia permit is issued against, and it is a city document rather than a state one — there is no statewide residential design table to fall back on. Note the air freezing index in particular: the city publishes 0 to 1,500 where unincorporated Boone County publishes 0 to 1,000, on otherwise near-identical rows.

City of Columbia Code of Ordinances section 6-66, amendment inserting values into Table R301.2(1) (Ord. No. 22828, § 1, 6-6-16; Ord. No. 22920, § 1, 9-6-16; Ord. No. 23117, § 4, 3-20-17; Ord. No. 24001, § 1, 9-3-19), read on library.municode.com 8 September 2026, title verified as "Chapter 6 - BUILDINGS AND BUILDING REGULATIONS | Code of Ordinances | Columbia, MO"; Boone County Resource Management, 2015 International Code Addendums, IRC-2015 Table R301.2(1), downloaded from boonemo.gov and text-extracted 8 September 2026

Radon control is required here regardless of the map

Columbia adopts Appendix F of the residential code, Radon Control Methods, and then amends section AF101.1 to read that the appendix "contains requirements for new construction and shall apply without regard to zone designation in Figure AF101 and Table AF101(1)". In other words the national zone map does not get you out of it. The city deletes only two pieces of the appendix — AF103.4.2, concrete joints, and AF103.12, power source. For a slab-on-grade metal building this is a pre-pour decision: passive sub-slab depressurisation costs very little before the concrete goes down and is expensive to retrofit afterwards.

City of Columbia Code of Ordinances section 6-66, amendments to 2018 International Residential Code Appendix F sections AF101.1, AF103.4.2 and AF103.12, read on library.municode.com 8 September 2026

Fifteen mapped sinkholes inside the city, 438 across the county

Boone County is not on the Springfield Plateau and it is not sinkhole-free either. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources sinkhole inventory returns 438 mapped sinkholes within the Boone County boundary and 15 within the Columbia city limits. The contrast is the useful part: the karst is overwhelmingly on the county ground outside the city, which is exactly where acreage is bought. For comparison the same query returns 1,471 for Greene County and 7 for Callaway County immediately east across the Missouri River. On a post-frame or pier foundation this is a per-parcel question, not a regional one — a mapped sinkhole is also a wastewater constraint, because state rules bar a percolation-only evaluation where a drainfield sits within 100 feet of a sinkhole's drainage.

Missouri Department of Natural Resources / Missouri Geological Survey sinkholes map service, layer 1 SINKHOLES at gis.dnr.mo.gov/host/rest/services/geology/sinkholes/MapServer/1, count-only spatial-intersect queries run 8 September 2026 against the U.S. Census TIGERweb polygons for county GEOID 29019 and incorporated place GEOID 2915670; the unfiltered statewide count returned 16,001, matching the department's published figure of approximately 16,000, and the Greene (1,471) and Jefferson (54) counts reproduced known values exactly; 19 CSR 20-3.060(2)(D)

Codes: 2018 inside the city, 2015 outside it

Columbia moved its whole code family to the 2018 editions on 3 September 2019 — the 2018 International Building Code at section 6-16 by Ordinance No. 23997, the 2018 International Residential Code at section 6-65 by Ordinance No. 24001, the 2018 International Energy Conservation Code with the solar-ready appendices at section 6-235 by Ordinance No. 24004, and the 2018 International Existing Building Code at section 6-240 by Ordinance No. 24005, with the 2017 National Electrical Code superseding residential Chapters 34 through 43. Unincorporated Boone County sits on the 2015 editions with the 2014 National Electrical Code, adopted by a certified copy of order of the Boone County Commission dated 23 March 2017 and effective 1 April 2017. One boundary, two code generations — and the energy code is where that gap bites hardest on a metal-skinned building.

City of Columbia Code of Ordinances sections 6-16, 6-65, 6-235, 6-240 and 6-66, with the Municode editor's notes on Chapter 6 Articles II, VI, X and XI, read on library.municode.com 8 September 2026 (code version dated 7 April 2026); Boone County Commission, Certified Copy of Order adopting the Boone County Building Code, 23 March 2017, effective 1 April 2017, printed at the front of the county's 2015 International Code Addendums, downloaded from boonemo.gov and text-extracted 8 September 2026

Also worth knowing before you build in Columbia

Septic: Boone is an ordinance county, and the office is in Columbia: The Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services on-site wastewater county selector returns, for Boone, Agency: Boone County Resource Management; Authority Type: Ordinance; 801 E. Walnut Room 315, Columbia, MO 65201; (573) 886-4330. The state's own alert on that record says the county has its own on-site wastewater ordinance and may have additional requirements beyond the state minimum construction standards. That matters because RSMo 701.031's exclusion for single-family lots of three acres or more is an exclusion from the state programme, and RSMo 701.047 lets a county ordinance reach the same parcel anyway. Inside Columbia most ground is on city sewer, and the Unified Development Code prices the difference directly: the R-1 minimum lot area goes from 7,000 square feet to 15,000 square feet where no public or community sewer is available.
The fire district adopted a fire code, not a building code: The Boone County Fire Protection District states on its own Life Safety page that its adopted fire code is the 2018 International Fire Code, used with local amendments adopted by the district's Board of Directors, and that its fire-code jurisdiction covers commercial properties and residential properties larger than a duplex within district boundaries. The same page assigns single-family and duplex building-code jurisdiction to Boone County Resource Management, and routes commercial projects outside the City of Columbia to the county's building-permit process first. That distinction is exactly the one RSMo 321.228 draws: where a city, town, village or county adopts, implements and enforces a residential construction regulatory system, a fire protection district wholly or partly inside it is without power to enforce or implement one. Districts keep final authority over fire hydrant location and specifications, hydrant flow rates and fire lanes, may inspect the alteration, enlargement, replacement or repair of a detached one- or two-family dwelling, and may not charge a fee for either.
The frost-protected shallow foundation is available here and not next door: Columbia's amendment list at section 6-66 leaves International Residential Code section R403.3, frost-protected shallow foundations, in place — it is adopted as published, so the shallow-foundation route remains one of the ways to satisfy frost protection inside the city. Boone County's addendum for the unincorporated area deletes R403.3 in its entirety. Both jurisdictions publish a 30-inch frost line, and both raise the presumptive load-bearing value for clay, sandy clay, silty clay, clayey silt, silt and sandy silt from 1,500 to 2,000 pounds per square foot in Table R401.4.1 — so the disagreement is not about the soil, it is about which methods the reviewing office will accept. On shallow-to-bedrock ground that is a question worth asking before the foundation is priced.
Trade licences and the owner-builder affidavit: Columbia's amendment to residential code section R105.1.1 lets building, electrical, plumbing, mechanical and fuel gas permits issue to the general contractor on behalf of the master trades for a new one- or two-family dwelling — but requires that all electrical, mechanical, plumbing and fuel gas work be performed by contractors licensed by the City of Columbia for the appropriate trade. The city also carries an owner-builder route: a permit may be issued to a person to do regulated work in a single-family dwelling used exclusively for living purposes, including the usual accessory buildings, where that person is a bona fide owner of the dwelling, will occupy it, will personally purchase all materials and perform all labour, and files an affidavit to that effect; the electrical version requires occupancy for not less than one year, and the plumbing version bars another permit within two years. Re-inspection fees are published at $35.00 for a first failed inspection and $70.00 for a failed re-inspection of a prior correction notice.
Where the land actually is: 43 percent of Boone County farms are 10 to 49 acres: Boone County has 1,120 farms across 196,763 acres, at an average size of 176 acres. The size distribution is the part that matters to somebody buying a building site rather than a farm: 67 holdings of 1 to 9 acres, 482 of 10 to 49 acres, 351 of 50 to 179 acres, 140 of 180 to 499 acres, 45 of 500 to 999 acres and 35 of 1,000 acres or more. That 482 — 43 percent of every farm in the county — is the band a shop-and-house tract usually comes out of, and it sits in the ring outside Columbia: Ashland, Hartsburg, Hallsville, Sturgeon, Centralia, Rocheport and Midway are all inside twenty-five minutes of the city.
A university-town rule that catches a farmhouse: three unrelated adults in R-1: Columbia's Unified Development Code defines "family" narrowly, and the definition is a zoning limit rather than a building one. In the R-1 district and in PD districts at five or fewer dwelling units per acre, a household of unrelated people is capped at three persons living together by joint agreement on a nonprofit cost-sharing basis; four is allowed only as a lawful nonconforming use predating 4 February 1991. In every other applicable district the cap is four. A related-family household may include not more than one additional unrelated person. Two urban conservation overlays near the university add appearance rules a rural buyer never meets: the East Campus district requires 75 percent of the roof area on newly constructed non-accessory structures to be at least 4:12, and the Benton Stephens district requires gabled or hip roofs at 4:12 or steeper plus a covered front porch at least 40 percent of the dwelling's front width. Neither overlay touches the A district or the outer R-1 ring.

Below the slab

The expensive surprises are in the ground, not the building

What moves a Missouri budget is usually below grade, and which problem you have depends on where in the state you are. Across the Ozarks it is karst: the Department of Natural Resources maps more than sixteen thousand sinkhole points, and what matters there is what is under the slab rather than what the slab sits in. Across the north and centre it is claypan — dense, slow-draining subsoil that perches water above it for months of the year. In the Bootheel it is deep alluvium carrying the highest seismic demand in the state, where the same soils modelled for liquefaction attack post embedment and slab bearing rather than the frame above them. The same ground then decides the septic system, and Missouri does not run that on a percolation test alone: the rule allows a perc test or a soil morphology examination in a profile pit, and the authority reviewing your parcel picks which. Where a drainfield sits near a sinkhole's drainage, perc testing on its own is not permitted at all. Whether that authority is the state or your own county is itself a local question, and it changes what you have to file. So the site work, the foundation and the drainfield get resolved together rather than one at a time. We price the dirt before we price the building.

What we build in Columbia

All nine services are available in Columbia. What a build costs depends far more on the parcel than on square footage, so we price against your land rather than publishing a rate card.

Custom Plans

Barndominium floor plans drawn to your parcel and your soil, and to whichever Missouri authority — a county, a city, or none at all — will review them.

Barndominium Kits

Barndominium shell packages delivered to your Missouri land, drawn to the criteria your own county or city publishes — because the state publishes none.

Turnkey Builds

Start to finish barndominium construction in Missouri: the permits that genuinely apply, site work, shell and interior finish, under one contract.

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What a build looks like

Three stages every Columbia project passes through, from a raw parcel to a finished home. Site work first, because that is where the budget is decided.

Stage one

The parcel

Zoning, setbacks, flood zone and utility access get checked before anything is drawn.

Stage two

Pad and permit

Clearing, grading and a compacted pad, while the submittal works through whichever office issues the permit where you are building.

Stage three

Frame to finish

Shell erected and dried in, then systems, insulation and interior finish through to CO.

Those are the rules where you are building in Columbia. Tell us what you want to build and we will draw it to them.

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Where we build around Columbia

Boone County and the rural land around it. The buildable acreage for a project this size usually sits outside the city limits, which is frequently what changes who issues your permit.

The Columbia service area, including the rural acreage outside the built-up edge, which is where the parcels big enough for a build like this usually sit. The map marks the territory we build in. It is not a branch location, and there is no office at this pin.

Keep reading

The questions that usually come next once you know what Columbia allows.

Barndominium Cost Guide

Sourced per-square-foot ranges by tier and by size, with a calculator built on the same figures.

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Is It Legal in Missouri?

Classification, zoning, the HOA gate, and why "nonresidential farm building" does not cover a home.

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How Long Does It Take?

Census build-duration data, and what actually sets the permit clock where you are building.

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Nearby areas we build in

Others we cover nearby, and they are not interchangeable. One may be a county with an adopted building code, another a county with no legal authority to have one, another a city that permits inside its own limits whichever county the land sits in. So the office that issues the permit, whether anyone inspects the work at all, the fees, the zoning and the design figures can differ from one card to the next — sometimes across a single property line.

Boone County

Callaway County

Jefferson City

Cole County

Building in Columbia: common questions

8 questions we get asked most often about building in Columbia. If yours is not on the list, ask it directly.

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Can I build a barndominium with steel siding inside Columbia city limits?

Yes. Columbia's exterior-material rule — the one that excludes smooth, ribbed or corrugated metal or plastic panels and sets a 3:12 roof and a ten-inch eave — is Unified Development Code section 29-3.3(a)(2), and by its own terms it applies to a manufactured home or modular home placed on a lot in the R-1, R-2, R-MF or A districts. It does not reach a site-built dwelling. The city's design standards at section 29-4.6 then exclude one-family detached, one-family attached and two-family structures from the appearance chapter entirely. There is no minimum roof pitch, no minimum eave and no minimum dwelling floor area for a site-built house in the code. The two exceptions are geographic and small: the East Campus and Benton Stephens urban conservation overlays near the university do impose 4:12 roof minimums, and neither reaches the agricultural district or the outer edge of the city.

Can the shop be bigger than the house?

Not if it is a detached accessory building. Unified Development Code section 29-3.3(ii)(1)(i) provides that the aggregate first floor square footage of all accessory structures on a lot shall not exceed the first floor square footage of any principal structure on the lot, and the city's residential code caps a detached accessory structure at 3,000 square feet of floor area and 24 feet in height, and at the height of the main structure, whichever is less. There is a separate garage rule as well: one garage space per 2,000 square feet of lot area, and total garage space not exceeding the total habitable first-floor area of the primary dwelling. The practical consequence is that the shop-forward layout has to be thought about at sketch stage. A single building that is a dwelling with workshop space inside it is a different animal from a house plus a detached shop, and which one is being permitted changes the arithmetic. Ask the Division of Building and Site Development how they will classify the specific layout before the drawings are finished.

How deep do the footings have to go, and can I use a shallow foundation?

The City of Columbia publishes a 30-inch frost line depth in its own Table R301.2(1) at City Code section 6-66, with weathering severe and an air freezing index of 0 to 1,500. Inside the city, the code's frost-protected shallow foundation provisions at section R403.3 are adopted as published — the city's amendment list does not touch them — so that route is on the table if the reviewing office accepts the design. In unincorporated Boone County the same 30 inches applies but the county's addendum deletes R403.3 in its entirety, so the shallow route is closed there. Both jurisdictions raise the presumptive load-bearing value for clay and silt soils in Table R401.4.1 from 1,500 to 2,000 pounds per square foot. Water service piping in Columbia must be at least 30 inches below grade, and a building sewer must be at least 30 inches below finished grade at the septic tank connection, with the building official able to allow less where there are extraordinary circumstances such as bedrock.

Who inspects the build — the city, the county, or the fire district?

Inside the city limits, the City of Columbia. City Code section 6-66 makes the director of community development the building official, and the Division of Building and Site Development runs plan review and inspections; appeals go to the Building Construction Codes Commission. Outside the limits, Boone County Resource Management. The Boone County Fire Protection District is a third body and does a different job: it states on its own Life Safety page that it enforces the 2018 International Fire Code with locally adopted amendments and that its fire-code jurisdiction covers commercial properties and residential properties larger than a duplex, while single-family and duplex building-code jurisdiction sits with Boone County Resource Management. RSMo 321.228 backs that division up — where a city or county adopts, implements and enforces a residential construction regulatory system, a fire protection district inside it cannot enforce one, though the district keeps final say on hydrant location and specifications, hydrant flow rates and fire lanes, and may inspect alterations and repairs to a one- or two-family dwelling without charging for it. Confirm which district covers a specific address before assuming any of this applies to it.

I want acreage. Should I build inside Columbia or just outside it?

Both are real options and they are genuinely different. Inside the limits the A agricultural district carries a 2.5-acre minimum lot area, 25-foot yards on all sides and a 35-foot height limit, and allows one principal dwelling plus one second principal dwelling per lot — but no more than two contiguous residential lots may be created without rezoning to R-1 and platting a subdivision. In R-1 the minimum lot area is 7,000 square feet on public sewer and 15,000 square feet where no public or community sewer is available. Outside the limits you are on the county's 2015-edition code, the county's septic ordinance and, for most tracts, a well. The land itself is mostly out there: Boone County has 1,120 farms and 482 of them — 43 percent — are between 10 and 49 acres, in the ring through Ashland, Hartsburg, Hallsville, Sturgeon, Centralia, Rocheport and Midway.

Is Columbia sinkhole country?

Less than the reputation of the Ozarks suggests, and more than nothing. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources sinkhole inventory maps 438 sinkholes inside Boone County and 15 inside the Columbia city limits. For scale, the same inventory returns 1,471 for Greene County to the southwest and 7 for Callaway County immediately east. So the risk is real on county ground, concentrated outside the city, and entirely a per-parcel question rather than a regional one. It also reaches the wastewater design: state rules bar a percolation-only evaluation where there is significant groundwater contamination potential, which is defined to include a drainfield within 100 feet of a sinkhole's drainage, and the choice between a percolation test and a soil morphology examination in a profile pit belongs to the permitting authority rather than the applicant.

Does the energy code make a metal building harder to permit here?

It makes the envelope specification the job, which is true of any metal-skinned building, but Columbia has not made it worse. The city adopts the 2018 International Energy Conservation Code at City Code section 6-235 including the residential and commercial solar-ready appendices, and its amendment list at section 6-236 is purely administrative — titles, the code official, liability, stop-work penalties and appeals. Nothing has been deleted from the insulation, air-leakage, duct or lighting provisions, so what is published is what applies. Unincorporated Boone County is on the 2015 edition of the same code. On top of that, Columbia adopts Appendix F radon control and amends it to apply without regard to zone designation, which is a sub-slab detail to price into a slab-on-grade building before the pour rather than after it.

Does anybody license builders in Columbia?

The trades, yes. Columbia's amendment to residential code section R105.1.1 requires that all electrical, mechanical, plumbing and fuel gas work be performed by contractors licensed by the City of Columbia for the appropriate trade, even though a single permit may issue to the general contractor on their behalf for a new one- or two-family dwelling. Missouri has no statewide general-contractor licence to hold. The city also runs an owner-builder route: a permit may issue to a bona fide owner who will occupy the dwelling, personally purchase all materials and perform all labour, on a filed affidavit — with an occupancy requirement of not less than one year on the electrical side and a two-year bar on a further plumbing permit. Re-inspection fees are published at $35.00 for a first failed inspection and $70.00 for a failed re-inspection of a prior correction notice.

Building in Columbia?

Start with the plan. Tell us what you want to build and we will draw it, then confirm which office issues the permit for your parcel, what it will let you put there, and what wind load it has to meet. That conversation costs nothing.

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